INTRODUCTION

Introduction to computer and information and communications technology. This are the topics that was discussed when the 2nd semester begins.

First of all, we defined what ICT means. And it stands for Information and COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY. And we also discussed what is COMPUTER all about. People nowadays knows what is computer for. But what is Computer? It is an electronic device that manipulates and is capable of accepting, processing, displaying, and storing data.

We discussed also what are the types of the computer. These are the supercomputer, Mainframes, and Personal Computers.

SuperComputers are used to process very large amounts of information including processing information to predict hurricanes, satellite images, and navigations.

Next is Mainframes. It is Used by Government and businesses to process a large amounts of information.

Lastly was the PC “Personal Computers”. It is a smaller and less powerful than the others. They are used in homeschool, office, etc.

Next one is the Elements of a Computer system. There are three: Peopleware, Hardware, and Software.
Peopleware can refer to anything that has to do with the role of people in the development or use of computer software and hardware systems, including such issues as developer productivity, teamwork, group dynamics, the psychology of programming, project management, organizational factors, and human interface design.
Hardware-Refers to the set of electronic Program instructions or data a computer processor reads in order to perform a task or operation.
Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.
System Software-Includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer’s hardware and software resources in order for the computer to work efficiently.
Examples of System Software:
1.Operating System (OS)
2.Software Utilities
3.Disk operating system (DOS)

And next is the Application Software. These are productivity programs or end-user programs that enables users to complete tasks such as creating documents, doing online research, sending emails, designing graphics, and even playing games.
Examples of Application Software:

1. Word Processing Software
2. Spreadsheet Software
3. Database Software
4. Presentaion Graphic Software
5. Graphics Software
6. Multimedia Software

Whether it’s a gaming system or a home PC, the five main components that make up a typical, present-day computer include:

A motherboard
A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also known as a video card
Random Access Memory (RAM), also known as volatile memory
Storage: Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive

1. The motherboard
   What it is: All components of a computer communicate through a circuit board called the motherboard, as was mentioned above.

What it does: Think of the motherboard as the glue that holds everything else together.

(The Raspberry Pi, like the one featured in our summer course for kids, Build and Code Your Own Take-Home Laptop, is a motherboard.)

1. The motherboard’s video card and Central Processing Unit are contained in an integrated (built-in) chipset.
This is where input/output devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and speakers get plugged in.

2.The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What it is: The CPU is often called the “brain” of a computer, thanks to its direct plug connection to the motherboard, and communication with all of the computer’s other components.

3.The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
What it is: It’s not uncommon to hear gamers obsess over the next new graphics card, as these graphic cards make it possible for computers to generate high-end visuals like those found in the many different types of video games.

4.Random Access Memory (RAM)
What it is: RAM, also known as volatile memory, stores data regarding frequently accessed programs and processes.

5.Read only memory(ROM)
-is non volatile, meaning it holds data when the power is on or off.

6.Storage
What it is: All computers need somewhere to store their data. Modern computers either use a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD).

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LESSON 1 : INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

What is ICT ? Deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile, phone, internet and etc.

Tim Bernes-Lee- created the world wide web.

TYPES OF WEB

Web 1.0 (Static Page)
-It is “readable” phrase of the world wide web with flat data.

Web 2.0 (Dynamic Page)
-It is the “writable” phrase of the world wide web with interactive data.

FEATURES OF WEB 2.0

• Folksonomy
• It allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely choosen keyboards.
• Rich User Experience
• Content is dynamic and is responsive to users input.
• Long Tail
• Services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.
• Softwares a Service
• Users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather than purchasing them.
• Mass Participation
• is a diverse information sharing through universal web access.

Web 3.0 and the Semantic Web
Semantic web- is a movement led by the world wide web Consortium (W3C)

Web 3.0
-It is the “executable” phrase of Word wide web with dynamic application, interactive services and machine to machine interaction.
One example of web 3.0 is TIVO- a digital video recorder.

SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF WEB 3.0

• Compatibility
• Security
• Vastness
• Vogueness
• Logic

Trends in ICT

1.Convergence

• is the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal or task.
  2.Social Media
• is a website, application or online channel that enables web users to create, co-create, modify, and exchange users generated content.

SIX TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

• Social Networks- these are sites that allows you to connect with other people with same interests or background.
• Bookmarking sites- These are sites that allows you to store and manage links to various website and resources.
• Social News- These are sites that allows users to post their own news items or links to others news resources.
• Media Sharing- These are sites that allows you to upload and share media content like images, music and video.
• Microblogging- These are sites that focus on short updates from the users.
• Blogs and Forums- These websites allow user to post their content.

3.Mobile Technologies

• The popularities of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years.
  The latest model devices uses 5G Networking (LTE), which is currently the fastest mobile network.

Mobile OS:

iOS- use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad.
Android- an open source OS developed by Google.
Blackberry OS- use in Blackberry devices.
Windows Phone OS- a closed source and proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.
Symbian- the original smartphone OS; used by nokia devices.
WebOS- originally user in smartphones; now used in smart TV’s
Windows Mobile- developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PC’s.

4.Assistive Media

• is non-profit service designed to help people who have visual and reading impairments.

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Rules of netiquette
Internet
It can be used for business promotion, new friends and contacts of the elderly

The Internet is known as the highway of knowledge

Online Safety and Security

Common threats faced by netizens include other netizens with malicious intent scamming, phishing

Tips to Stay Safe Online

Here are some tips to help you stay safe when using the Internet.
1 Be mindful of what you share and what site you share it to.
2 Do not just accept terms and conditions; read it.
3 Check out the privacy policy page of a website.

4. Know the security features of the social
   networking site you use.
   5.Do not share password with anyone.
   6.Avoid logging in to public networks/Wi-Fi.
   7.Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-to-face.
5. Never post anything about future vacation.
6. Add friends you know in real life.
7. Ayoid visiting untrusted websites.
8. install and update an antivirus software on your computer
   12.If you have a Wi-Fi at home, make it a private network by adding password.
9. Avoid downloading anything from untrusted websites.
10. Buy the software; do not use pirated ones.
    15.Do not reply or click links from suspicious emails.

RULES OF NETIQUETTE

Malware – stands for Malicious Software. Malicious software can disrupt normal business operations.

Internet threats
Malware

a. Virus-a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one computer to another.
b. Worm-a malicious program that transfers from one computer to another by any type of means.
c.Trojan a malicious program that is disguised as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves your PC unprotected and allows hacker to get you information.
d.Spyware a program that runs in the
background without you knowing it.
Keyloggers – used to record the keystroke done by the user
e. Adware a program designed to send you
advertisements, mostly as pop-ups.

Internet threats

Rules of Netiquette

Internet Threats

2. Spam- unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers.
3. Phishing – its goal is to acquire sensitive personal information
   like passwords and credit card details.
4. Scamming – an act of the attacker that seeks to gain the victim’s trust takes advantage of the victim to perform further attacks.
   5.Hacking- Obtaining unauthorized access to data from a certain computer network

RULES OF NETIQUETTE

Protecting Reputations Online
In the past, doing something embarrassing was not much a big deal.

Nowadays, embarrassing moments are captured using any device you could imagine

This could impact not only your reputation but also
the people around you.

T- is it True
H-is it Helpful
I- is it Inspiring
N- is it Necessary
K- is it Kind

Think Before You Click

1. Before you post something on the web, ask these questions to yourself:

Would you want your parents or grandparents to seé it?

Would you want your future boss to see it?

2.Your friends depend on you to protect their
reputation online.
3.Set your post to “private”
4.Avoid using names.
5/If you feel that a post can affect you or other’s reputation, ask the one who posted it to pull it down or report it as inappropriate.

Rules of Netiquette

Copyright Infringement

Intellectual Property

Copyright Law

Copyright Page “No part of this book may be copied, reproduced..

Understand. Copyright protect literary works,
photographs paintings, drawings, films, music
Be responsible. Even if a material does not say that it is copyrighted, it is not a valid defense against copyright.

3. Be creative. Ask yourself whether what you are making is something that came from you or something made from somebody else’s creativity.
   4.Know the law. There are some limitations to copyright laws.

Online Research

1.Have a question in mind. Focus on a question you want answered.

2.Narrow it down. Search engines like Google,Bing, or Yahoo use several filters to determine the most appropriate result for you.

3.Advanced Search. The best way to filter
information you get from search engines is
by using the advanced search.

4.Look for a credible sources. Some wikis, filledwith updated information, are not a credible source.

5.Give credit. Give credit to the original author of the page or information

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Lesson 3 (1.0)

Microsoft
-most important word-processing office application.
-used to create and edit professional-looking documents.

Features:
-Template
-Clipboard
-Font(Color,Size,Style)
-Paragraph
-Styles
-Editing
-View

Letters
-special programming in the software senses when you are typing a business letter and will pop up a guide to help the format the letter correctly.

Envelopes
-can be created or word can read a letter you have typed in the program, an address code can be added to the envelope to assist with mailing.

Format Using MS Word
-Header & Footer
-Headings, Subtitles
-Cover Page
-Picture(format,arrange)
-Drop Cap
-Table of Contents
-References
-Page Border, Color & Watermark

Microsoft Excel
-electronic spread sheet programs were originally based on paper spreadsheets used for accounting, related data is stored in tables which are a collection of small rectangular boxes or cells organized into rows and columns.
-the horizontal rows are identified by numbers (1,2,3) and the vertical columns by letters of the alphabet (A,B,C).
-for columns beyond 26, columns are identified by two or more letters such as AA,AB,AC or AAA,AAB.
-the intersection point between a column and a row is the small rectangular box known as a cell.
-a cell reference is a combination of the column letter the row number such as A3,B6 and AA345.

Microsoft Powerpoint
-used to create professional-looking slide shows that can be displayed on projectors or big-screen TV’s.
-comes with many templates that set the tone of a presentation from casual to formal to off the wall.

Features
-Slide Master
-Design
-Transition
-Animation(Entrance,Emphasis,Exit,Motion Path)
-Animation Pane

Creating A Presentation
-24 is the default font size
-Dark background=Light text
-Light background=Dark text
-Color scheme
-Animation & Transition should be on point

Minimize
-keep slides to a minimum to maintain a clear message and to keep the audience attentive.

Clarity
-avoid being fancy by using a font style that is easy to read.

Lesson 3 2.0

• Simplicity – Summarize the information on the screen.
• Visuals – Use graphics to help you in the presentation .
• Consistency – Make your design uniform.
• Contrast – Use light font on dark background or vice versa.
• Embedding – The Act of placing objects within the presentation.
√ Options:
a) Creates New – Creates a new file from scratch.
b) Create from File – Creates a file from an existing file save in your drive.
• Hyperlink
A text from object that contains a link to another file.
✓ Ways to insert Hyperlinks

1. Select an object or highlight a text
2. Go to I dialog box would appear Insert Hyperlinks. The Insert Hyperlink dialog box would appear.
   √ Link to options:
   a) Existing file or webpage – creates hyperlink to website or a local file saved in your hard drive.
   b) Place in this document – creates a hyperlink that allows you to jump to specific slide in your presentation.
   c) Create new document – creates a hyperlink that once clicked, creates a now document on your specified location.
   d) Email address – creates a hyperlink that open microsoft outlook that automatically adds your specified recipient on a new email.
3. When done, click OK to apply your hyperlink

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Imaging and Design for Online Environment is an online graphics and layouts that taught me a lot of useful stuff in order for us to be able to use image design and its benefits. In this lesson, you are able to learn the fundamentals of graphic design and layout. It has balance, emphasis, movement, pattern, repetition and rhythm, proportions, and variety. The lesson taught us many effective things in order for us to use image design and its advantage.

Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
The first one is BALANCE this means that on the computer, the visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and space is distributed evenly and have a symmetrical balance occurs when you have two identical sides of a design with a central point of axis while the asymmetrical balance occurs when you have different visual images on either side of a design, and yet the image still seems balanced .Secondly is Emphasis this means that any design that appears on the screen, such as the color, will draw the viewer’s attention. Thirdly is the Movement which means that the viewer’s eyes will be guided across the screen by every movement of the visual elements. Fourthly is the Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm which means to elicit a sense of well-ordered movement. Fifthly is the Proportion which means to give the screen a sense of unity. Last but not the least would be the Variety this means that variation employs a number of design elements to capture the interest of the viewer. Also definition of an infographic as well as basic strategies for using and manipulating the internet and infographics, such as downloading, sharing, and so on.

Online file formats for images and texts
GIF is very popular in the WWW because of its portability (small file size) and support animation. JPEG (or JPG) is a raster image file format with loss compression that makes it suitable for sharing images while PNG supports lossless data compression. PDF is a file format that allows text and graphics to be displayed in the same fixed layout on any computer screen. And .doc is a microsoft-created format that is used in Microsoft Word

Infographics 2.0
-is a visual image to symbolize information
-it represents a clear message quickly and clearly

Piktochart
-makes complex data visually appealing to average user

Principles of Visual Message Design Using Infographics

1.Be unique-make it engaging and memorable with a unique twist on something that everyone can relate to.
2.Make it simple-don’t throw in so much detail and extraneous information that the audience is overwhelmed by everything going on in your infographic.
3.Be creative and bold-it’s important to make sure that your main message is bold and obvious.
4.Less is more-keeping your text minimal will most likely produce more impact than a page full of words.
5.The importance of getting it across-an effective infographic is a simple way for people to share it with their friends.

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ONLINE FLATFORMS FOR ICT CONTENT

Online Platforms for ICT Content Development
Web application for Content Development.

• What is Cloud Computing
  The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store,manage,and process data,rather than a local server or a personal computer.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

Advantages of Cloud Computing
-No need to install
-Saves hard disk space
-Easy access to your files
-Saves money
-No need to update
-Minimum system requirements
-Back-up and data recovery are relatively easier
Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
-Can be hampered down by slow internet speed
-May require compatible software
-You do not own the software
-Security risks
-More prone to hacking
-Limited control over the infrastructure

• ONLINE PLATFORM FOR ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

Social Media Platforms
Websites like Facebook allow you to create not only personal accounts bjt also pages and groups where you can share content.
BloggingPlatforms
It typically looks like a newsletter where you are given option to change the design to your liking.

Content Management System
(CMS) is a computer application,that allows you to publish,edit and manipulate,organize and delete web content,CMS is used in blogs,news websites,and shopping.
Wix.com
Wix.com Ltd.is an Israeli software company.providing cloud-based web development services.

Squarespace
Is a private American company,based in New York City,that provides software as service for website building and hosting.looking to create a beautiful website.
WordPress
Is a free and open source content management system.Create a free website or a build a blog with ease on wordPress.com. wordPress it is actually two platfforms wordPress.com(fully hosted by WordPress) and wordPress.org( a freely downloanable self- hosted version)

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Multimedia 1.0

Multimedia
-is used of a computer to present and combine text,graphics,audio and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create and communicate.
-links and navigational tools allow you traverse the web of connected information.
-the use of multimedia helps you to gather,process and communicate your own information and ideas.

Multimedia in ICT
-they are used in home entertainment systems and used as educational tools aside from its primary purpose-data processing and storage.
Uses of Multimedia

Edutainment
-the concept of edutainment was created by merging the concept of education with entertainment.

Business Communication
-the quality of business communication is enhanced by multimedia, product promotion, consumer information and communication to employee can be done with multimedia.

Entertainment
-multimedia developers use sound,animation and graphics of multimedia to create games that can be realistic in setting and engaging for audience.

Uses of Multimedia (2.0)

Public Access of Information
-The availlability of multimedia application allowed public access to information either online or offline.
-It is hospital information system , navigational system and electronic publishing

Multimedia in Content
-Video hosting sites, you can take a video and show it to the world

• sounds or music are to much for you, you can always record sounds.
  -online games now called browser-based game
  -online test that automatically display the result when finished
  -courseware that stimulate the classroom online
  -podcasts series of audio or text file streamed online
  -vodcast series of video streamed online

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